Effects of the Antidepressants Citalopram and Venlafaxine on the Big Ramshorn Snail (Planorbarius corneus)

Depression is a serious health issue and, being such, treatment for it has become topic of increasing concern. Consequently, the prescription rates antidepressants have increased by about 50% over past decade. Among antidepressants, citalopram and venlafaxine are most frequently prescribed in Germany. Due to high consumption low elimination both during wastewater purification, they found surface waters, where may pose risk aquatic environment. For present study, we conducted experiments with big ramshorn snail, which exposed environmentally relevant explicitly higher concentrations (1–1000 µg/L) venlafaxine. We investigated apical endpoints, such as weight, mortality, behavioural changes, B-esterase activity, Hsp70 stress protein level superoxide dismutase well tissue integrity hepatopancreas snails. Citalopram had no effects on activity. exposure resulted weight reduction reactions snails 1000 µg/L. In contrast, did not induce comparable effects, but impacted behaviour (sole detachment) 100 µg/L antidepressant. These results revealed that can affect at 10 times lower than citalopram. this, 2020 was introduced “Surface Water Watch List”, list potential pollutants should be carefully monitored water EU Member States.